colinhacks Release Notes

Commits

• a354314 fix(docs): keep blog posts out of the docs collection (#6484)
• d378c42 ci: drop canary publishing from the release workflow (#6487)
• 212b941 fix(v4): let a prototype method getter answer a bare call so vi.spyOn works (#6488)
• e7576f5 docs(blog): let the page show through the navbar in dark mode (#6489)
• fedb06f fix(docs): match the blog TOC hover bar to the 2px active indicator
• 6c932fc chore: bump devcontainer image to Node 24 (#6470)
• 6635d9d docs(blog): soften the "method memoization" attribution
• 019ae29 fix(docs): drop ISR on the docs route so the home page hydrates
• 652bb43 chore(docs): drop the scroll log from the route-change scroller
• 571c8e8 fix(docs): render blog tabs with the stock fumadocs tab card
• 9a193aa 4.5.2

Original source

Zod 4.5 is now available.

npm install zod@latest

At a glance:

• z.compile() — the flagship feature of Zod 4.5
• z.creditCard() — 12–19 digits plus Luhn checksum
• z.properties() — the multi-property counterpart to z.property()
• z.deepPartial()/.exactPartial()
• z.validate(): boolean — a fast-path to verify input validity without a full parse (up to 16x faster on invalid data)
• 9x reduction in memory footprint
• New locales: Bengali (bn), Central Kurdish (ckb), Hindi (hi), Kannada (kn), Norwegian Nynorsk (nn), Brazilian Portuguese (pt-BR), Slovak (sk), Turkmen (tk)

z.compile()

You can now pre-compile any Zod schema using z.compile(schema). This dramatically speeds up parsing performance.

import * as z from "zod";
const Player = z.object({
username: z.string(),
bio: z.string(),
xp: z.number()
});
const CompiledPlayer = z.compile(Player);

A compiled schema can be used exactly like an uncompiled one. There are no special rules around compiled schemas. They're just faster.

Player.parse({ ... });
CompiledPlayer.parse({ ... }); // ~2x faster

On objects, arrays, and unions, this speeds up parsing by a factor of ~3–7. More complex schemas stand to benefit more than simpler ones.

Time per parse by schema type, standard parser vs compiled — lower is better (benchmark)

Below are the Moltar benchmark results comparing Zod (compiled and uncompiled) against the Moltar ParseSafe bench.

Throughput on the moltar benchmark fixture (parseSafe: returns a new object with unknown keys stripped) — higher is better (benchmark)

And the equivalent results for the Moltar AssertLoose bench. Tested against the new z.validate(schema, input) function (detailed later in the post).

Throughput on the moltar benchmark fixture (assertLoose: returns a boolean, unknown keys allowed) — higher is better (benchmark)

Zod's entire test suite runs twice—once normally and again with auto-compilation enabled globally—to ensure perfect fidelity.

How it works

Under the hood, z.compile() walks the entire schema once and produces a hyperoptimized snippet of flat, loop-free JavaScript that can validate inputs far faster than a standard runtime validator. This snippet can be executed via new Function() (effectively a more powerful eval) to serve as a fast-path validator. Schemas use this to "fast check" validity, falling back to the regular runtime logic on validation failure to provide granular error information.

Take this simple Point schema:

const Point = z.object({
x: z.number(),
y: z.number()
});

Here is the generated snippet for it:

const isPoint = new Function("input", `
if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null) return false;
if (typeof input.x !== "number") return false;
if (typeof input.y !== "number") return false;
return true;
`);
isPoint({ x: 1, y: 2 }); // true
isPoint({ x: "1" }); // false

For the large majority of inputs, the generated function validates the data with the fastest logic JavaScript can express: straight-line typeof checks and property reads, with no interpreter in between. When it can't handle an input, Zod falls back to the standard parser.

This is the function Zod generates for the Player schema above:

if (typeof input !== "object" || input === null || Array.isArray(input)) return INVALID;
const v0 = input["username"];
if (typeof v0 !== "string") return INVALID;
const v1 = input["bio"];
if (typeof v1 !== "string") return INVALID;
const v2 = input["xp"];
if (typeof v2 !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(v2)) return INVALID;
const v3 = { "username": v0, "bio": v1, "xp": v2 };
return v3;

Armed with the power of new Function(), this happens in-process at runtime. There is no need to integrate with your build system.

The compiled schema is purely additive on top of the existing schema. It tacks on the pre-compiled fast path for checking valid inputs. When invalid data is detected, it returns the INVALID symbol to signal that parsing should fall back to the uncompiled parser. This structurally prevents subtle deviations in error reporting between compiled and uncompiled variants.

import "zod/compile"

To compile every schema in an application, import zod/compile once at the top of your entry point. Every schema constructed after that import is automatically compiled the first time it's used to parse data.

import "zod/compile"; // must come before modules that define schemas
import * as z from "zod";
const schema = z.object({ name: z.string() });
schema.parse({ name: "ok" }); // compiled on first parse

It also works as a Node.js CLI flag, which guarantees it runs before any module defines a schema:

node --import zod/compile app.js

Or set preload in bunfig.toml or nub.jsonc.

{
"preload": ["zod/compile"]
}

All schemas benefit to varying degrees, though complex object/tuple/array schemas benefit more than simple scalar validators.

Read the docs, or the full technical writeup: Introducing z.compile()

z.creditCard()

A new string format: 12–19 digits, optionally separated by single spaces or hyphens, with a valid Luhn checksum. (#5931)

z.creditCard().parse("4111 1111 1111 1111"); // ✅
z.creditCard().parse("4111 1111 1111 1112"); // ❌ bad checksum

z.properties()

The multi-property counterpart to z.property(). (#5912)

const httpsUrl = z.instanceof(URL).check(
...z.properties({
protocol: z.literal("https:" as string),
hostname: z.string().regex(z.regexes.domain),
})
);
httpsUrl.parse(new URL("https://example.com")); // ✅
httpsUrl.parse(new URL("http://localhost")); // ❌ protocol

z.deepPartial()

Back in functional form after being removed as a method in Zod 4. (#5928)

const Post = z.object({
title: z.string(),
author: z.object({ name: z.string(), email: z.string() }),
});
const PartialPost = z.deepPartial(Post);
type PartialPost = z.output<typeof PartialPost>;
// => { title?: string; author?: { name?: string; email?: string } }
PartialPost.parse({ author: {} }); // ✅

The result is still a ZodObject, so .shape and .extend() keep working.

.exactPartial()

Like .partial(), but wraps each field in z.exactOptional() instead of z.optional(): keys may be omitted, but an explicit undefined is rejected. This matches TypeScript's Partial<> under exactOptionalPropertyTypes. (#6065)

const Recipe = z.object({ title: z.string(), servings: z.number() });
const PartialRecipe = Recipe.exactPartial();
PartialRecipe.parse({}); // ✅
PartialRecipe.parse({ title: undefined }); // ❌

In Zod Mini it's a top-level function: z.exactPartial(Recipe).

z.validate()

Standalone boolean validation, in Zod, Zod Mini, and Zod Core. It answers "is this input valid?" without constructing a ZodError, which makes rejection cheap: on invalid input it is up to 16x faster than .safeParse().success. The return type is a guard on the schema's input type, and z.validateAsync() covers schemas with async refinements. (#6471)

z.validate(z.string(), "hi"); // true
z.validate(z.string(), 42); // false

z.input() / z.output()

Project a schema onto its input or output side. Useful for validating the two halves of a codec independently. (#5928)

const isoDate = z.codec(z.iso.datetime(), z.date(), {
decode: (s) => new Date(s),
encode: (d) => d.toISOString(),
});
const Event = z.object({ name: z.string(), at: isoDate });
z.input(Event).parse({ name: "launch", at: "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z" }); // ✅
z.output(Event).parse({ name: "launch", at: new Date() }); // ✅

This is a no-op on schemas not containing codecs/pipes.

z.toZod<T>()

A utility to define a Zod schema that agrees exactly with a static type, often one that is handwritten or externally defined. (#5913)

type Player = { username: string; xp: number };
const Player = z.toZod<Player>()(
z.object({
username: z.string(),
xp: z.number(),
})
);
Player.shape.username; // ZodString — the schema is returned unchanged

z.getDiscriminatedOption()

Extract a discriminated union member by discriminator value. (#5947)

const Fruit = z.object({ type: z.literal("fruit"), seeds: z.boolean() });
const Veg = z.object({ type: z.literal("vegetable"), leafy: z.boolean() });
const Produce = z.discriminatedUnion("type", [Fruit, Veg]);
z.getDiscriminatedOption(Produce, "fruit"); // typeof Fruit
z.getDiscriminatedOption(Produce, "meat"); // ❌ TypeScript error

Cyclical inputs

Zod recursive schemas now support cyclical data. For bundle size reasons, Zod Mini requires you to register a memoizer explicitly. (#6387, #6482)

Zod

const Category = z.object({
name: z.string(),
get subcategories() {
return z.array(Category);
},
});
const input: any = { name: "root", subcategories: [] };
input.subcategories.push(input);
const result = Category.parse(input);
result.subcategories[0] === result; // true

Zod Mini

// register a memoizer before defining any schemas
z.config({ memoizer: z.memoizer() });
const result = Category.parse(input);
result.subcategories[0] === result; // true

9x reduction in schema memory footprint

In Zod 4.4 a bare z.string() retained 7.5kb of heap. In Zod 4.5 it retains 784 bytes.

Retained heap per schema instance, Zod 4.4.3 vs 4.5 (benchmark)

In Zod 4.4 and earlier, all schema methods were automatically bound to the instance itself. This allowed users to pluck methods from schemas without causing issues due to this-binding.

const { parse } = z.string();
parse("some data");

A consequence of this is that each bound method allocates space on the heap; method implementations are not shared across all instances via prototype, as you'd expect. Zod 4.5 implements a method memoization pattern that avoids allocating bound methods until they are actually accessed.

Read the deep dive: Reducing Zod's memory footprint by an order of magnitude

Faster failures

Zod .parse()/.safeParse() instantiates a JavaScript Error, which captures a stack trace. In the case of validation failures, this is often much slower than the parsing logic itself. When using .safeParse(), Zod no longer captures this stack trace, speeding up failure-path parses by a factor of ~7.5x. (#6316, #6450)

const result = Player.safeParse({ username: 42, bio: "hello", xp: 12 });
result.success; // false — ~7.5x faster than Zod 4.4

Player schema (benchmark)

Symbol keys in z.object()

A shape can now declare a symbol key. TypeScript tracks it: a const symbol infers as unique symbol, so z.infer makes the key required and checks its value type. Undeclared symbol keys are still ignored. (#6448)

const TAG = Symbol("tag");
const schema = z.object({ name: z.string(), [TAG]: z.number() });
schema.parse({ name: "alice", [TAG]: 42 }); // ✅ { name: "alice", [TAG]: 42 }
schema.safeParse({ name: "alice" }); // ❌ the symbol key is required

Bug fixes

All of these fix soundness issues, so a schema that relied on the old behavior may now reject input it used to accept.

⚠️ z.iso.datetime() requires seconds

RFC 3339 mandates seconds. z.iso.datetime() and z.iso.datetime({ offset: true }) no longer accept minute-precision input like 2020-01-01T06:15Z. local: true still admits 2020-01-01T06:15, since an unqualified datetime is outside RFC 3339 either way. (#6457)

z.iso.datetime().parse("2020-01-01T06:15:00Z"); // ✅
z.iso.datetime().parse("2020-01-01T06:15Z"); // ❌ was accepted in 4.4

To accept both forms, union the two precisions:

z.union([z.iso.datetime(), z.iso.datetime({ precision: -1 })]);

⚠️ String length counts code points

.min(), .max(), and .length() counted UTF-16 code units, so z.string().max(5) rejected five emoji. They now count Unicode code points, which is what every non-JS consumer of a length bound does (Postgres, MySQL, Go, Python, and the maxLength that z.toJSONSchema() emits). .max() only loosens; .min() and .length() tighten for astral input. Graphemes are unchanged — a ZWJ sequence is still several code points. (#6441)

z.string().max(5).parse("😀😀😀😀😀"); // was too_big, now passes
z.string().min(5).parse("😀😀😀"); // was fine, now too_small

Closes #3355.

⚠️ Record keys and intersections match TypeScript

A record's key schema now governs only the keys that match it, the way TypeScript treats an index signature. Intersecting an object with a pattern-keyed record no longer rejects the object's own keys. (#6412)

z.object({ name: z.string() })
.and(z.record(z.string().regex(/^S_/), z.string()))
.parse({ name: "a", S_a: "s" });
// 4.4: throws invalid_key on "name"
// 4.5: { name: "a", S_a: "s" }

Separately, an unrecognized_keys issue no longer aborts the schema it came from, so a strict object with an extra key and a bad value now reports both issues instead of just the first. Closes #2200, #2573, #4017, #5663.

⚠️ proto is always stripped

Object and record parsers now drop a proto key whether it comes from the input, is declared by the schema, or is produced by a record key transform. A key that a record's key schema normalizes to proto is dropped too. .strict() reports an own proto input key as unrecognized_keys instead of silently swallowing it. Error formatters and both JSON Schema converters use own-property writes so a toString or constructor path segment can't walk onto Object.prototype (#6213, #6367, #6346). (#6386, #6354, #6355, #6221)

⚠️ Stricter string formats

z.ipv6() validated by handing the string to new URL(), which let ::@1\ and ::1\n through. It now checks the address alphabet directly (#6442).

z.ulid() restricts the first character to 0–7; anything higher overflows the 48-bit timestamp. A fixture that doesn't start with a real timestamp, such as one with a leading letter, is now rejected (#6095).

z.httpUrl() enforces the RFC 1035 length limits on the host, matching z.hostname() (#6035).

z.emoji() no longer backtracks exponentially on a failed match (#6347).

z.string().includes(sub, { position: N }) emits a JSON Schema pattern that allows at least N leading characters, matching String.prototype.includes (#6024).

Commits

Zod 4.5 rolls up 155 commits. Thanks to everyone who contributed: @dokson, @deepshekhardas, @zirkelc, @francisjohnjohnston-web, @MerlijnW70, @codinsonn, @oimo23, @JSap0914, @zelinewang, @abhishek-chaudhary2003, @spokodev, @Mohammad-Faiz-Cloud-Engineer, @hamed-bavar, @MGPOCKY, @ChiChuRita, @dinwwwh, @thristhart, @tsmartin9, @vedanshshetti, @belicam, @frastefanini, @andersk, @musaddiq-rafi, @tachmyratsaparmyradov, @arvindfroi, @KUMachine, @spidersouris, @catdalfonso, @mneetika, @gwagjiug, @MahinAnowar, @MaksZhukov, @emmayusufu, @agcty, @devareddy05, @Vish05, @yamcodes, @mattiasahlsen, @samchungy, @ozzyfromspace, @udohjeremiah, @patrickwehbe, @gajus, @Harm-Nullix, @thwbh, @IdanGonen, @irfanfandi, @JuerGenie, @marcalexiei, @itsahmedbilal, @DucMinhNe, @meliharik.

9782f87c perf(v4): validate without building the output, and keep schemas out of dictionary mode (#6480) by @colinhacks
773a4867 refactor(v4): declare a trait's members on $constructor (#6478) by @colinhacks
68fb3f13 feat(v4): make z.compile() fall back instead of throwing (#6479) by @colinhacks
37b01501 feat(v4): add z.isValid and z.isValidAsync (#6471) by @colinhacks
749f5452 docs: add fullproduct.dev to v4 ecosystem page (#6001) by @codinsonn
24cdb7fd perf(v4): close the fastpass bindings into the compiled parser (#6464) by @colinhacks
8d896186 fix(v4): stop emitting a multipleOf that JSON Schema rejects (#6468) by @colinhacks
43f729db feat(v4): make a tuple's items optional with .partial() (#6465) by @colinhacks
97edaf7d fix(v4): don't throw from safeParse on bigint multipleOf(0n) (#6466) by @colinhacks
21a6f0cb feat(v4): let z.nanoid() take a custom length (#4004) by @oimo23
9d5b20ef fix(v4): restrict the first ULID character to [0-7] (#6095) by @JSap0914
1cf9cd09 docs: record that error maps run per parse, and how to translate at render by @colinhacks
7ce3e77d fix(v4): run a wrapper's inner schema on its own payload (#6462) by @colinhacks
7b612b53 fix(v4): fold an intersection of object schemas into one object (#6461) by @colinhacks
1c43b774 docs(v4): record why the failure path is not worth compiling by @colinhacks
badf0b78 fix(v4): build the catch context from the input that failed (#6192) by @zelinewang
a87ac366 fix(v4)!: distinguish number and bigint formats at the type level (#6052) by @abhishek-chaudhary2003
6726c1dd docs: record what z.input and z.output do with transforms and wrappers by @colinhacks
7cfc0122 fix(v4): keep a wrapper's stored value only on the side it belongs to by @colinhacks
a825c1b0 fix(v4): empty enums and literals match nothing (#6459) by @colinhacks
7c070db9 feat(v4): expose the function schema on .implement() results (#6267) by @deepshekhardas
3a496968 fix(v4): make record input keys optional when the value can fill them (#6460) by @colinhacks
53cec2a0 fix(v4): resolve z.input past a preprocess transform by @colinhacks
2125d30c fix(v4): accept exact decimal multiples in multipleOf (#6223) by @spokodev
168122fc fix(v4): carry a pipe's own checks through z.output by @colinhacks
51a1368a fix(v4): let the includes(position) pattern match at or after the offset (#6024) by @francisjohnjohnston-web
72a05c4f feat(v4): expose stringbool truthy/falsy/case via _zod.bag (#6357) by @hamed-bavar
036b39f4 fix(v4)!: require seconds once a datetime carries a Z or an offset (#6457) by @colinhacks
5825605e perf(v4): skip the eager stack capture when building a ZodError (#6450) by @colinhacks
d85472c4 feat(v4): support declared symbol keys in z.object() (#6448) by @colinhacks
d4108872 fix(v4): correct the date/time format keywords in both JSON Schema directions (#6452) by @colinhacks
555e5f46 Add z.toZod helper (#5913) by @colinhacks
e0e51a55 docs(v4): cut the compile comments down to what they explain (#6449) by @colinhacks
6574e784 fix(v4): stop catch resurrecting issues an optional already resolved (#6440) by @colinhacks
937b5d01 perf(v4): prefix issue paths in place in the object JIT failure path (#6445) by @colinhacks
b63db248 fix(v4): keep a memoized node's cached issues private to the cache (#6443) by @colinhacks
6ec3d043 fix(resolution): keep pnpm's own warnings out of the attw snapshot (#6446) by @colinhacks
830ba314 fix(v4): validate the address, and return the string that was validated (#6442) by @colinhacks
f101d8ca Preserve callsites in parse stack traces (#5910) by @colinhacks
6c77d028 feat: compact simple anyOf unions to type array in toJSONSchema (#6339) by @deepshekhardas
28e1ebd8 fix(v4): measure string length in Unicode code points (#6441) by @colinhacks
060bc9f3 refactor: share default when-clauses for size/length checks (#6394) by @zirkelc
2848177d docs: point the flattened/formatted error deprecations at a symbol that exists by @colinhacks
3c2dee9e Add properties checks for instanceof schemas (#5912) by @colinhacks
87ffeb0f fix(v4): an absent key on the middle rung supplies nothing (#6434) by @colinhacks
7785fc82 feat(v4): add z.getDiscriminatedOption (#5947) by @dokson
0135c85a feat(v4): allow passing extra args to apply() (#6337) by @deepshekhardas
ca246d26 fix(v4): drop empty alternation branch from datetime pattern (#6439) by @colinhacks
e073d55b docs: z.iso.datetime() accepts a subset of ISO 8601, not all of it by @colinhacks
d6ca12ae fix(v4): infer recursive getter options in discriminatedUnion (#6422) by @colinhacks
dc51404b Add shorn to Zod Utilities (#6398) by @ChiChuRita
580111da docs: mark AOT compilation as canary-only by @colinhacks
6b0dae79 docs: note that a catch callback is not islanded by @colinhacks
898c4461 refactor(v4): give the runtime and compiled code one URL implementation by @colinhacks
260e5d4b fix(v4): stop islanding a catch callback, which diverged silently by @colinhacks
11c9268b revert(core): drop the exactOptional parse prototype from #6432 (#6438) by @colinhacks
a38ab4a8 fix(core): an omittable discriminator claims undefined (#6432) by @colinhacks
c9ec89e0 perf(core): drop the seal and the per-key WeakSet from the lazy internals (#6435) by @colinhacks
3c9ca1d9 feat(json-schema): emit a root $ref when the root schema has an id (#6029) by @dinwwwh
fa77a4d7 feat(v4): z.compile — ahead-of-time schema compilation (#6085) by @colinhacks
f300476d fix(v4): let a schema's error map cover its own checks' issues (#6426) by @colinhacks
9f0a3d81 fix(core): restore defineLazy semantics lost in the internals move (#6429) by @colinhacks
604464c3 fix(locales): da/nn/no/sv called an IP address a range (#6430) by @colinhacks
7378e7cd fix(locales): backfill the mac and Sizable.map gaps, and pin dictionary parity (#6427) by @colinhacks
b1077f05 perf(memory): install derived internals on a per-constructor prototype (#6415) by @colinhacks
ccc15144 fix(locales): add the credit_card key to the seven locales missing it (#6424) by @colinhacks
73bacbbb fix(from-json-schema): drop redundant inclusive bound for draft-04 exclusive ranges (#6022) by @francisjohnjohnston-web
86b2e6da docs: list el and hr in the supported locales (#6423) by @colinhacks
45fdeda5 fix(v4): refine optin into a three-rung ladder, retire the fallback payload flag (#6419) by @colinhacks
5b34c0ce Improve Portuguese localization and add Brazilian Portuguese (pt-BR) (#6076) by @thristhart
dc1a40a5 fix(locales): improve french translation (#6120) by @tsmartin9
0175a043 feat(locales): add Hindi and Kannada locale support (#6315) by @vedanshshetti
536ee3b0 Locales: added Slovak (sk) language (#6041) by @belicam
07b0c3d8 fix: preserve explicit superRefine issue input (#6053) by @frastefanini
ba98071c feat: add .exactPartial() to ZodObject (#6065) by @andersk
234c407d feat(lang): Added Bengali locale (#5974) by @musaddiq-rafi
377cd9d7 feat(locales): add turkmen (tk) locale (#6168) by @tachmyratsaparmyradov
69b6bb08 feat(locales): add Norwegian Nynorsk (nn) locale (#6092) by @arvindfroi
33d82e6b Add Central Kurdish (ckb) locale (#6078) by @KUMachine
06666fe2 fix(fr): remove hyphen in "non-optionnel" (#5999) by @spidersouris
79cfedea feat(v4): expose the owning schema on check-originated issues (#6420) by @colinhacks
436b5da8 docs: propose compiled constructor graph by @colinhacks
eb4682c9 fix(json-schema): resolve tuple minItems past transform and catch in input mode (#6418) by @colinhacks
4d6b5cd3 fix(json-schema): route unrepresentable default values through unrepresentable by @colinhacks
2abc9e05 docs: note that the JSON Schema emitter reads static optin (#6417) by @colinhacks
578e1cd0 feat(v4): support format: "hostname" in fromJSONSchema (#6305) by @catdalfonso
942bf8cb feat(v4): parse input containing reference cycles (#6387) by @colinhacks
78b523f0 fix(json-schema): keep preprocess object properties required in input mode (#6133) by @MerlijnW70
973b1b44 fix(v4): strip output-typed catch values from the input JSON Schema (#6409) by @colinhacks
5e608851 feat(v4): add z.deepPartial and runtime z.input / z.output (#5928) by @dokson
4e1720c8 fix(v4): align record keys and intersection strictness with TypeScript (#6412) by @colinhacks
4cc4053d fix: honor loose mode for closed record key schemas (#6157) by @pullfrog[bot]
69be843f fix(v4): stop the object JIT fastpass keeping a swallowed issue's value (#6407) by @colinhacks
b899cd17 perf(json-schema): make toJSONSchema(registry) linear in registry size (#6408) by @colinhacks
6074828e fix(v4): make fromJSONSchema propertyNames compose with the other object keywords (#6411) by @colinhacks
d7b209f3 docs: point the Web URLs callout at z.httpUrl() (#6410) by @colinhacks
611bd762 fix(mini): make merge() take an object schema, matching classic (#6404) by @colinhacks
b53e53cc fix(v4): use exact flag in English locale too_small/too_big messages (#6177) by @pullfrog[bot]
421cc9a5 fix(json-schema): unescape JSON Pointer tokens when resolving $ref (#6402) by @colinhacks
4c27fe87 fix(v4): give z.xor() a distinct error when multiple options match (#6376) by @colinhacks
a106fbe7 fix(v4): make fromJSONSchema tuples open-ended by default (#6020) by @mneetika
e8034eba fix(v4): make prefixItems/draft-7 items respect minItems in fromJSONSchema (#6201) by @pullfrog[bot]
784e5c26 fix(v4): let bundlers tree-shake locales out of the default import (#6384) by @colinhacks
97edd70a fix(toJSONSchema): constrain closed tuple length (#6194) by @pullfrog[bot]
f150020d fix(v4): escape non-string enum values in template literal patterns (#5934) by @gwagjiug
faf33a28 fix: surface @deprecated on re-exported compat aliases (#6072) by @MahinAnowar
3956224a docs: state that metadata wins over generated JSON Schema keywords (#6401) by @colinhacks
a1904fc2 fix(v4): report date origin for numeric min/max bounds (#6129) by @MerlijnW70
bd18314c fix: escape JSON Pointer reserved characters in toJSONSchema $ref (closes #6027) (#6144) by @MaksZhukov
2a5164f5 fix(v4): enforce RFC 1035 length limits in regexes.domain (#6035) by @emmayusufu
0e5bc4b1 fix(v4): respect additionalProperties:false with patternProperties in fromJSONSchema (#6199) by @pullfrog[bot]
c8f06d36 fix(v4): clarify infinite number errors (#5906) by @colinhacks
9a7ecc35 fix(json-schema): accept RFC 3339 numeric offsets in date-time format (#6298) by @agcty
0a76f3d7 feat(v4): add z.creditCard() string format (#5931) by @dokson
bd6619c0 feat(json-schema): accept a function for unrepresentable (#6380) by @colinhacks
9d20fdc3 fix(v4): preserve z.preprocess input narrowing (#5967) by @devareddy05
3063993a perf(v4): cut per-schema memory ~90% by moving methods to the prototype (#6318) by @zirkelc
fd074106 feat(json-schema): run override before the unrepresentable error (#6391) by @colinhacks
2715c12e fix(v4): preserve default English locale across tree-shaken bundles (#5959) by @colinhacks
81d9fc6c docs: add zod-form-action to ecosystem (#6314) by @Vish05
d86df5e0 docs: add ArkEnv to ecosystem page (#6203) by @yamcodes
18b4ff99 docs(ecosystem): add zodql to API Libraries (#6227) by @mattiasahlsen
479d6f51 shill oxlint (#6196) by @samchungy
85dba7e1 docs: document that any/unknown object keys are required (#6388) by @colinhacks
d24fb4c3 fix: consistently strip proto from parsed objects (#6386) by @colinhacks
7708d447 perf(v4): lazy ZodError construction (#6316) by @zirkelc
8ac9ae51 fix(docs-v3): serve the docsify SPA fallback on Vercel (#6378) by @colinhacks
31384464 fix(v4): complete reserved-key hardening (#6371) by @colinhacks
600c6909 docs: add Attaform to ecosystem (#6188) by @ozzyfromspace
37c05fa5 docs(ecosystem): rename zod-to-mongo-schema to zod-mongo-schema (#6178) by @udohjeremiah
badfdf08 docs: update keyof() ZodEnum type to the v4 form (#6124) by @patrickwehbe
e25b68e1 perf(v4): let three dead declarations tree-shake under esbuild (#6381) by @colinhacks
53397351 docs(ecosystem): Add zod-mongoose list item in Zod To X (#6062) by @Harm-Nullix
dfa0deb1 docs: add tauri-typegen to ecosystem (#6032) by @thwbh
9c914ee8 docs: add dynamic error message and combined refinement examples for refine() (#6002) by @IdanGonen
921649de fix(v4): formatError and treeifyError handle inherited-name path elements (#6367) by @deepshekhardas
e7029aa4 fix(v4): report own proto key under .strict() (#6221) by @pullfrog[bot]
9c540db8 fix(v4): re-check the record key after the key schema runs (#6355) by @colinhacks
8bb89ea4 docs: add .nonempty() to Strings, Arrays, Sets, and Maps sections (#6056) by @pullfrog[bot]
599c0e41 docs(ecosystem): Add @chrock-studio/overload and @chrock-studio/zod-utils (#6040) by @JuerGenie
27a9036a docs(ecosystem): eslint-plugin-zod is eslint-zod now (#5975) by @marcalexiei
e177a0ee docs(v4): document coerce missing-key breaking change (#5957) (#5964) by @dokson
66fba964 docs: show z.instanceof with built-in classes (#6059) by @itsahmedbilal
2d90846a fix(docs): make the prefault example runnable (#6063) by @DucMinhNe
ead9fcb3 fix(v4): write a declared proto key as an own property (#6354) by @colinhacks
c58764c5 docs: fix UUID helper list in v4 introduction (#6214) by @meliharik
f238fbd2 fix: remove exponential backtracking from the emoji regex (#6347) by @colinhacks
e6c213ec fix(json-schema): keep proto keys as own properties in schema conversion (#6346) by @colinhacks
573fcb75 fix(errors): use own-property semantics in every error-tree walker (#6213) by @pullfrog[bot]
6f5e99fd fix(docs-v3): rename README.md to home.md so Vercel serves it by @colinhacks
bbc68f99 docs: soften Zod 3 EOL callouts to informational tone by @colinhacks
3fc9b25f docs: reframe library-authors page Zod-4-first; note Zod 3 EOL by @colinhacks
f29f2a6d fix(v4): cidrv6 JSON schema pattern matches runtime (#5945) by @dokson
dfd8766b fix(v4): break circular import between classic schemas and iso (#5275) (#5926) by @dokson
fbe8ad1b fix(v4): allow dynamic .catch() under unrepresentable: "any" (#5273) (#5925) by @dokson

Original source

Commits

4c2fa95 docs: use Zernio primary wordmark for gold sponsor logo

2aeec83 docs: prune lapsed gold sponsors and rebalance logo sizing

7391be8 docs: prune lapsed silver/bronze sponsors and add active ones

2c70332 docs: normalize bronze sponsor logos to github avatar pattern

9195250 docs: remove Mintlify from bronze sponsors (churned)

b8dffe9 docs: remove Numeric and Speakeasy (2+ missed monthly cycles)

1cab693 fix(v4): restore catch handling for absent object keys (#5937) (#5939)

c2be4f8 fix(v4): generalize optin/fallback to transform; restore preprocess on absent keys (#5941)

f3c9ec0 4.4.3

1fb56a5 docs: document release procedure in AGENTS.md

Original source

Commits

0c62df0 Clean up docs navigation and stale labels (#5901)

20cc794 chore: add security policy and refresh tooling deps

6fbe07b fix(docs): heading anchor links now include the hash so it doesnt scoll all the way up, follows navbar logic (#5791)

4bbed1b Tighten discriminated union option typing

bbac3e5 Update PR guidance for agents

cf0dc94 Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into fix-discriminated-union-key-constraint

292c894 docs: add Zernio gold sponsor

1fc9f31 docs: document codec inversion

1373c85 docs: remove AI disclosure guidance

e20d02b chore: ignore triage notes

e58ea4d docs: test Zod Mini tab code heights

905761a docs: document preprocess input type narrowing

bf64bac chore: tighten test guidance in AGENTS.md

8ec4e73 chore: update play.ts scratch

02c2baf Make z.preprocess defer optionality to inner schema (#5929)

88015df fix(docs): drop deprecated baseUrl from tsconfig

c59d447 4.4.2

Original source

4.4.0

This is a minor release with a wide set of correctness and soundness fixes. Some fixes intentionally make Zod stricter, so code that depended on previously accepted invalid or ambiguous inputs may need small updates.

Potentially breaking bug fixes

Tuple defaults now materialize output values correctly

Fixed in #5661. Tuple parsing now more accurately reflects defaults, optional tails, explicit undefined, and under-filled inputs. The headline behavior is that defaults in tuple positions now properly appear in parsed output.

const schema = z.tuple([
  z.string(),
  z.string().default("fallback"),
]);
schema.parse(["a"]);
// ["a", "fallback"]

Trailing optional elements that are absent still stay absent; they are not filled with undefined.

const schema = z.tuple([
  z.string(),
  z.string().optional(),
]);
schema.parse(["a"]);
// ["a"]

But explicit undefined values supplied by the caller are preserved.

schema.parse(["a", undefined]);
// ["a", undefined]

When optional elements appear before later defaults, the parsed tuple is now dense so array operations behave predictably.

const schema = z.tuple([
  z.string(),
  z.string().optional(),
  z.string().default("fallback"),
]);
schema.parse(["a"]);
// ["a", undefined, "fallback"]

Tuple length errors are also more consistent now. Since z.function() arguments are tuple-shaped, function input errors may look different.

Required object properties with z.undefined()

Fixed in #5661, with follow-up coverage in 57d80a82. A property whose schema is z.undefined() is now treated as required. The key must be present, but its value may be undefined.

const schema = z.object({
  value: z.undefined(),
});
schema.safeParse({}).success;
// false
schema.safeParse({ value: undefined }).success;
// true

Use .optional() when the key itself may be absent.

const schema = z.object({
  value: z.undefined().optional(),
});
schema.safeParse({}).success;
// true

This also affects related .catch(), .partial(), .default(), and .prefault() combinations that previously relied on missing z.undefined() keys being treated as optional.

Safer .merge() behavior with refinements

Fixed in #5856. The .merge() method now throws when the receiver has refinements, rather than silently producing ambiguous refinement behavior. Refinements from the second schema are preserved.

const a = z.object({ a: z.string() }).refine((val) => val.a.length > 0);
const b = z.object({ b: z.string() });
a.merge(b);
// throws

Prefer .extend() or .safeExtend() for object composition. The .merge() method is still supported for compatibility, but it is discouraged for new code because its semantics around overlapping keys and refinements are easier to misread.

JSON Schema $defs entries no longer include redundant id

Fixed in #5759. JSON Schema conversion through z.toJSONSchema() now strips redundant id fields from $defs entries. This is required for correctness in older JSON Schema dialects from before $id was introduced: in those dialects, id changes the resolution scope, so leaving it inside an extracted definition can make references resolve incorrectly. The removed value was redundant because the schema had already been extracted into $defs, so the definition key itself is the identifier. This may affect consumers that were reading those internal id fields directly.

Other JSON Schema fixes in this release:

• Draft-04/OpenAPI 3.0 min/max intersections: #5700
• Recursive lazy schemas with .describe(): #5797
• Falsy prefault values emitted as defaults: #5893
• CUID pattern output tightened: #5880

String validators are stricter

Base64 validation now rejects whitespace instead of allowing atob()-style whitespace stripping. Fixed in #5888.

z.base64().safeParse("Zm9v").success;
// true
z.base64().safeParse("Zm 9v").success;
// false

Other string validator changes:

• CUID validation through z.cuid() has been tightened, and CUID v1 is now deprecated. Fixed in #5880.
• HTTP URL validation through z.httpUrl() now rejects malformed HTTP(S) URLs with a missing slash after the protocol. The underlying URL constructor normalizes inputs like https:/example.com, but Zod now rejects them instead of accepting the repaired URL. Fixed in #5672, related to #5284.

z.httpUrl().safeParse("https://example.com").success;
// true
z.httpUrl().safeParse("https:/example.com").success;
// false
z.httpUrl().safeParse("http:/www.apple.com").success;
// false

Union paths are fixed in formatted errors

Two union-related error fixes landed:

• Nested union paths are now preserved correctly in the output of z.treeifyError() and z.formatError(). Fixed in #5708 and 60ff3987.
• Invalid discriminated union errors now include discriminator options and improved messages. Fixed in #5723. This may affect users snapshotting ZodError output.

Other fixes

Record key transforms now run

Fixed in #5891. Record schemas now run transforms on record keys.

const schema = z.record(
  z.string().transform((key) => key.toUpperCase()),
  z.number()
);
schema.parse({ foo: 1 });
// { FOO: 1 }

Related record fixes:

• Key refinement failures now surface as structured invalid_key issues. Fixed in #5719.
• Non-enumerable properties are skipped more consistently. Fixed in #5719.
• The v3-style single-argument z.record(valueType) form works again. Fixed in 0e960108.

Metadata and input handling in fromJSONSchema()

Schema generation from JSON Schema now applies metadata more consistently across enum, const, not, anyOf, and multi-type schemas. Fixed in #5758. It also rejects or normalizes more non-JSON-like inputs, including cyclic objects and BigInt. Fixed in 87cf0f93.

Codecs

Codec changes:

• Encoding through z.discriminatedUnion().encode() now works when the discriminator uses a codec. Fixed in #5769.
• Codec inversion was added in #5770.

const stringToNumber = z.codec(
  z.string(),
  z.number(),
  {
    decode: Number,
    encode: String,
  }
);
const numberToString = stringToNumber.invert();

Transform context

Transform callbacks now support ctx.addIssue(). Fixed in #5699.

Conditional .superRefine() with when

The when option was added for .superRefine(). Added in #5741, with related abort behavior fixed in #5681.

Defaults for Map and Set

Defaults for Map and Set are now cloned instead of shared across parses. Fixed in #5855.

const schema = z.map(z.string(), z.number()).default(new Map());
const a = schema.parse(undefined);
const b = schema.parse(undefined);
a === b;
// false

Empty unions

Empty z.union([]), z.xor([]), and discriminated unions no longer crash at construction time. They construct and fail at parse time. Fixed in #5869.

Floating-point multiples

Number multipleOf() / step() validation is more accurate for decimal and exponent edge cases. Fixed in #5687 and #5793.

Global config and jitless

Configuration fixes:

• Global configuration is now shared through globalThis, improving behavior across mixed CJS/ESM module instances. Fixed in #5889.
• Jitless mode now avoids eval probing when set before first access. Fixed in #5864.

Prototype pollution hardening

Object catchall paths now skip proto keys. Fixed in #5898.

Performance improvements

Reduced memory usage from lazy-bound methods

Fixed in #5897. Classic builder methods are now lazy-bound through a shared internal prototype instead of eagerly attached per schema instance. This significantly reduces per-schema method allocation overhead, especially in codebases that construct many schemas. Detached methods continue to work:

const schema = z.string();
const optional = schema.optional;
optional.call(schema);
// still works

Improved tree-shaking

Implemented in 195e8696 and #5689. Top-level factory calls are annotated as pure, and generated stub package manifests now include sideEffects: false. This gives bundlers more room to remove unused Zod code.

This is intended as the conclusive fix for a long-standing class of tree-shaking and bundle-size issues, especially in Next.js and Turbopack projects. The most visible symptom was that unused validators and locales could survive bundling even when importing from zod/mini or from a narrow subpath.

Related reports include:

• Next.js and Turbopack tree-shaking reports: #4433, #5641, #5095, #4810
• Locale and zod/mini bundle-size reports: #5561, #5665, #4369, #4572
• Broader v4 bundle-size reports: #2596, #4637, #4798, #5206

{
  "sideEffects": false
}

Locales

Added or updated locale support:

• Croatian: #5610
• Greek: #5840
• Romanian: #5657
• Uzbek map support: #5599
• Georgian translation fix: #5655
• French issue origin translations: #5845
• Italian validation message updates: #5852

Locale message text changed in some cases, which may affect snapshots.

Closed issues

The following issues were closed by PRs included in this release:

• Closed #5466 via #5632: preserve context immutability in parse functions.
• Closed #5617 via #5655: correct Georgian translation for string.
• Closed #5619 via #5657: add Romanian locale.
• Closed #5229 via #5661: align object and tuple optionality handling.
• Closed #5680 via #5681: respect abort: true in .refine() checks with when.
• Closed #5678 via #5699: add missing addIssue to transform context.
• Closed #5717 via #5718: avoid delete in finalizeIssue.
• Closed #5714 via #5719: skip non-enumerable properties in record validation.
• Closed #5670 via #5723: add discriminator options to invalid discriminator errors.
• Closed #5743 via #5744: increase timeout for the datetime ReDoS checker test.
• Closed #5732 via #5758: apply description and default metadata in fromJSONSchema().
• Closed #5731 via #5759: strip redundant id from $defs entries in JSON Schema output.
• Closed #5605 via #5763: update z.custom() docs for v4 compatibility.
• Closed #5593 via #5769: support discriminatedUnion().encode() with codec discriminators.
• Closed #5625 via #5770: add codec inversion.
• Closed #5778 via #5779: add custom docs 404 page.
• Closed #5792 via #5793: correct floating-point multipleOf() validation.
• Closed #5777 via #5797: resolve recursive lazy JSON Schema stack overflow.
• Closed #5805 via #5812: fix self-referencing schema docs.
• Closed #5826 via #5855: clone Map and Set defaults.
• Closed #5842 via #5856: align .merge() refinement semantics with .extend().
• Closed #4461 and #5414 via #5864: honor jitless config in the eval probe.
• Closed #5868 via #5869: handle empty z.union([]) and z.xor([]).
• Closed #5296 via #5891: apply key schema transforms in z.record().
• Closed #5824 via #5893: emit falsy prefault values in JSON Schema output.

Commits

• Commit 44f6a03e fix(locales): correct Georgian translation for 'string' to 'ველი' (#5655) by @tushargr0ver
• Commit 7b43bc64 docs(ecosystem): add Hono Takibi (#5651) by @nakita628
• Commit 119376b9 feat: add map support to Uzbek locale (#5599) by @uchkunr
• Commit 8fbf701e test: add edge case tests for boundary values (#5601) by @uchkunr
• Commit f1f93c2b Fix order of brand method examples in api.mdx (#5604) by @onurtemiz
• Commit 10105ee4 docs: Fix typos in json-schema documentation (#5608) by @SaKaNa-Y
• Commit 2d367139 feat: add hr translation (#5610) by @vuki656
• Commit 54902cb7 chore: update pullfrog.yml workflow
• Commit 89ba70f2 chore: add sideEffects false to stub package.json for tree-shaking (#5689) by @jesse-holden
• Commit eaa3c2c3 Update positive checks to use alias .gt(0) in the docs (#5671) by @Fredkiss3
• Commit 65f1f404 fix typo (#5676) by @Nikita0x
• Commit 5b574501 fix: respect abort: true in .refine() for checks with when function (#5681)
• Commit 539de140 docs: fix README links for async refinements/transforms (#5682) by @pavan-sh
• Commit 46cd10e7 docs: fix README anchor links for async APIs (#5683) by @pavan-sh
• Commit 55747b3c Remove deprecated downlevelIteration option (#5684) by @RyanCavanaugh
• Commit 3a818de1 fix(v4): handle multi-digit exponents in floatSafeRemainder (#5687) by @shakecodeslikecray
• Commit 3cd45ebc fix(v4): add strict validation to httpUrl() (#5672) by @LuckySilver0021
• Commit 7d98c909 add Sanity as silver sponsor and Mintlify as bronze sponsor
• Commit c7805073 move Sanity and Mintlify to top of sponsor lists
• Commit bee2dc8d docs: move z.iso.time() from format to pattern section (#5696)
• Commit 2f8414bc fix: add missing addIssue to transform context (#5699) by @F-A-N-D-E
• Commit d3c0ec87 docs: add note about removed .errors alias in v4 changelog (#5705) by @togami2864
• Commit fa338a3b fix(v4): JSON schema min/max intersection for draft-04 and openapi-3.0 (#5700) by @ebroder
• Commit 3473b288 chore: bump zshy to ^0.7.1
• Commit cc8f9b7c docs: improve README wording and fix typos (#5736) by @vedanshshetti
• Commit f5336717 feat: add json-up to ecosystem (#5740) by @mrspence
• Commit 60ff3987 fix(v4): preserve parent path when treeifying nested union/key/element issues
• Commit 08b14b51 perf: avoid delete in finalizeIssue to keep V8 fast mode (#5718)
• Commit 9cf868d2 fix(v4): treeify error nested union bug (#5708) by @dstashevskyi
• Commit 28f39a6d Add JSONType export (#5709) by @RobinVdBroeck
• Commit 65fab33e feat: allow when parameter in .superRefine() (#5741) by @vilvai
• Commit 7f87df1e refactor(v4): remove unnecessary type assertions (#5720) by @chisaki66
• Commit 518f15dd Preprocess is not deprecated (#5721) by @mxdvl
• Commit 2e5b23dc fix: add options to invalid discriminator errors (#5723) by @Danielchinasa
• Commit 7f789def fix: skip non-enumerable properties in record validation (#5719) by @veeceey
• Commit ee15fa19 docs: add AGENTS notes for JSDoc, PR comments, and PR worktree workflow
• Commit f52b4d28 Revert "docs: improve README wording and fix typos (#5736)"
• Commit ddb41391 test: increase timeout for redos checker in datetime.test.ts (#5744) by @rishadaufa
• Commit bc07e459 docs: fix doc (#5745) by @xgaia
• Commit e06af5de Update Hey API description (#5748) by @mrlubos
• Commit 28c156e2 fix: apply description and default metadata to enum, const, and not schemas in fromJSONSchema (#5758) by @mibragimov
• Commit f457edf1 Fix grammar in CONTRIBUTING.md (#5765) by @siekmang
• Commit 411f6c64 fix(v4): resolve stack overflow in toJSONSchema for recursive lazy with describe (#5797) by @Hassad674
• Commit 45dd421e docs: add tone guidelines for issue and PR comments to AGENTS.md
• Commit ddd20a30 test: align optional property assertions with actual inferred types
• Commit a1cf8a93 docs: update z.custom example for v4 compatibility (#5763) by @andrewdamelio
• Commit b6a3b336 fix: strip redundant id from $defs entries in toJSONSchema (#5759) by @mibragimov
• Commit c7a8ccc0 fix: discriminatedUnion encode() with codec discriminator (#5769) by @mahmoodhamdi
• Commit 87cf0f93 fix(fromJSONSchema): normalize input via JSON round-trip
• Commit 7163e6f2 feat: add .invert() method to ZodCodec (#5770) by @mahmoodhamdi
• Commit b59b9b13 fix: replace .default with .prefault (#5776) by @alanskovrlj
• Commit 93bba686 docs: add Zod AOT to ecosystem page (#5806) by @wakita181009
• Commit 2564caa4 fix(docs): add custom 404 page with proper theme support (#5779) by @WolfieLeader
• Commit 5b7ed214 fix: correct multipleOf float validation using tolerance-based comparison (#5793) by @cyphercodes
• Commit cc9139d2 docs: fix self-referencing schema in refine when() example (#5812) by @claygeo
• Commit 0e960108 fix(v4): support v3-style single-arg z.record(valueType)
• Commit 41b25af9 docs(agents): refine PR comment tone guidance
• Commit 4c03c20d Update Italian locale error messages for validation (#5852) by @pastorello
• Commit 37ac1ba0 fix(fr): translate issue.origin in too_big/too_small errors (#5845) by @Ouaziz-chedli
• Commit 345be203 docs: add validex to ecosystem (#5848) by @chiptoma
• Commit 3c1f32bd feat(locales/en): handle instanceof and add comprehensive locale tests
• Commit 888e52bb feat(locales): add Greek (el) locale (#5840) by @saileshbro
• Commit bf6d99ed Revert "feat(locales/en): handle instanceof and add comprehensive locale tests"
• Commit e8196a8d fix(resolution): align expected fr message with translated locale
• Commit b6b12882 correct logic for validating length (#5843) by @nameearly
• Commit 34f60159 fix(v4): clone Map and Set in shallowClone to prevent shared state across .default() parses (#5855) by @artur-seppa
• Commit 91a7d0d1 fix(v4): reject whitespace in z.base64() to close atob bypass
• Commit 23edf484 Revert "fix(v4): reject whitespace in z.base64() to close atob bypass"
• Commit 15cafa13 fix(v4): throw on .merge() receiver with refinements; preserve refinements from second schema (#5856) by @solssak
• Commit 584b1089 fix(v4): reject whitespace in z.base64() to close atob bypass (#5888) by @colinhacks
• Commit b9b62c65 fix(core): honour jitless config in allowsEval probe (#5864) by @dokson
• Commit fffe99bd fix(v4): construct empty unions instead of crashing (#5869) by @tjenkinson
• Commit 285bde7f feat(core): share globalConfig across module systems via globalThis (#5889) by @colinhacks
• Commit 195e8696 perf(v4): mark top-level factory calls as /@PURE/ for tree-shaking
• Commit 61d7bedb fix(v4): apply key schema transforms in z.record() (#5891) by @colinhacks
• Commit 45acd2ad ci(release): switch to npm trusted publishing via OIDC (#5890) by @colinhacks
• Commit 476ae243 Tighten cuid() regex and deprecate CUID v1 (#5880) by @colinhacks
• Commit 6217527e docs(agents): document push-to-main footgun and version-bump rule (#5883) by @colinhacks
• Commit 757f0b0f fix(v4): apply util.Writeable in strictObject/looseObject for shape display parity (#5882) by @colinhacks
• Commit fa4a3740 fix(v4): apply util.Writeable in mini object constructors and extend/safeExtend/partial/required (#5895) by @colinhacks
• Commit ebc8287c fix(v4): emit falsy prefault values in toJSONSchema (#5893) by @mixelburg
• Commit 8fcb71a5 perf(v4): lazy-bind builder methods to shared internal prototype (#5897) by @colinhacks
• Commit 76e8f706 fix(v4): skip proto key in object catchall (#5898) by @colinhacks
• Commit f0b0608e ecosystem: eslint-plugin-zod-x is eslint-plugin-zod now (#5637) by @marcalexiei
• Commit 0b5c3bc2 docs: fix refinements examples in api.mdx (#5649) by @playoffthecuff
• Commit 327e152e docs(agents): refine PR comment tone guidance further
• Commit 57d80a82 test(v4): pin object/tuple key optionality through optout propagation
• Commit f19860f1 fix: preserve context immutability in parse functions (#5632) by @bgk614
• Commit ec979ad7 feat: add Romanian (ro) locale (#5657) by @tushargr0ver
• Commit b6066b3e fix(v4): align object and tuple optionality handling (#5661) by @Cyjin-jani
• Commit ad0b8271 ci: update release workflow for trusted publishing
• Commit 6db607be fix(release): keep JSR manifest publishable
• Commit f778e02a build: bump zshy for JSR wildcard exports

Original source